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Монгол Улсын Их Сургууль, Монголын Шинжлэх Ухааны Академийн шувуу судлаачидтай хамтарч Монголын шувууны бүрэн жагсаалтыг гаргасан ба энд нийт 19 баг, 61 овог, 204 төрлийн 470 зүйлийн шувууд Монгол Улсад тэмдэглэгджээ. Mongolian Bird List       

Шувуу ажиглагч аялагч, гэрэл зурагчин, судлаачдын мэдээллийг нэгтгэн, Монгол орны шувуудын зүйлийн жагсаалтанд байнга өөрчлөлт, нэмэлт оруулж шинэчилдэг.

Монгол орноос дээрх жагсаалтанд байхгүй шувуу олсон хүн бүр шинэ зүйл шувуу олсон тухайгаа доорхи асуулгын дагуу илгээж байна уу.

 

Жил бүр бид таньд шинэ шувууны жагсаалтыг илгээж байх болно!

Монголын шувууны зүйлийн бүрэлдэхүүнийг лаборатори, нийгэмлэгийн судлаачид байнга баяжуулж байдаг юм. Энэ чиглэлээр хэвлэгдсэн доорхи өгүүлэл үзнэ үү.

 

 Монголд шинээр тэмдэглэгдсэн шинэ зүйлийн шувуу
 
1Gombobaatar S., 1Sumiya D., 2Christopher W Leahy, 3Potapov E.
 
1Faculty of Biology, National University of Mongolia, Mongolian Ornithological Society. gomboo@num.edu.mn
2Gerard A Bertrand Chair of Natural History and field Ornithology, Mass Audubon Protecting the Nature of Massachusetts.USA.
3National Avian Research Institute, UK. eugene_potapov@compuserve.com
 
 Монгол орны хоёрнутагтан, мөлөхөгчид шувуу ЭШБ. (2005) 2:121-128.
 
BLACK-CAPPED KINGFISHER Halcyon pileata Boddaert, 1783
 
Taxonomy
A total of 11 species of the genus is known in the World. The taxonomy of the species is described in publication of the Ornithological Society of Japan 2000 as follows; 
 
Order: ROLLERS -CORACIIFORMES
Family: KINGFISHER Alcedinidae
Genus: Kingfisher Halcyon
Species: Black-capped Kingfisher Halcyon pileata Boddaert, 1783
Subspecies: Monotype
Synonym:  Alcedo pileata Boddaert, 1783 (Josep del Hoyo et al. 2001). 
 
Distribution. Asiatic species. Breeds India, Sri Lank, east to South East Asia, Southern China, Hainan, north to Manchura, Korea, Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Okinawa islands of Japan (Wild bird Society of Japan 1982, Ornithological Society of Japan 2000, Woo Shin Lee et al. 2003).
 
Habitat. It prefers the banks of large rivers, estuaries and mangroves which have plenty of small fishes. It perches over rivers on overhanging branches (John Mackinnon&Karen Phillipps 2000). The habitat of dead bird found in Mongolia was absolutely different from these breeding habitats.  
 
Location and description of the found place in Mongolia. Dr. S.Gombobaatar and B.Munkhzaya, field biologists of the Mongolian Ornithological Society found a dead bird in the Baga Gazryn Chuluu, Delgertsogt sum, Dundgobi province on 15 June 2002. The Baga Gazryn Chuluu is located in the extremely dry Caragana steppe of Central Mongolia. The place of dead bird found surrounded by hills with rocks and cliffs from 7 to 15 m height. Bush (Amygdalus pedunculata) 1-4 m height grows in slopes of hill in the place. There is not any river and lakes near the area. However the Sum Khukh Burd, isolated steppe salt lake with reed beds is located 30 km west and small creak 8 km south east of the dead bird found location. Habitat of the dead bird found in the country is completely different than breeding ground. This unsuitable or different habitat was the main reason of death of the bird. Right wing, tail and primaries of left wing were missed and body was completely dried out. Based on GIS 3.2 software, we estimated that the distance between location of dead bird in Mongolia and northern part of the distribution of the species is 1200 km. Reasons of first record for the country and death of an individual of the species might be explained by dead individual that migrated together with other migratory birds heading to Mongolia and lost migration route and died caused by starvation and dryness in Central Mongolia.  
 
Migration and Status. Birds of northern limits of distribution migrate to Greater Sunda island and Philippines (Ornithological Society of Japan 2000). The species is common and abundant in breeding and wintering grounds therefore it is not listed in the Appendix of the CITES and Birdlife International 2003. We consider that the species is a migratory, vagrant and very rarely occurs in Mongolia. 
 
Morphological characters, age and sex identification. Age. Adult bird has diagnostic black head, white collar and throat, purple black upperparts, pale orange-rufous underparts, flanks and vent washed rufous and white patch on primary bases in both sexes. Its bill and feet are red. Juvenile is a duller, buffy collar, dusky scaling on breast, and brownish orange bill (John Mackinnon&Karen Phillipps 2000, Josep del Hoyo et al. 2001). Comparing the plumage descriptions of the dead bird found in Mongolia and in publications of John Mackinnon&Karen Phillipps 2000, Josep del Hoyo et al. 2001, a dead bird found in Mongolia was an adult. Body measurements, which are an important source of age identification, were not taken due to incomplete feathers of wing primaries and tail.   
Sex. Sexual dimorphism does not develop for the species (Josep del Hoyo et. al. 2001). We could not identify sex of the bird due to the internal organs such as ovary and testicles were completely dried out. All feathers of the bird were collected and prepared by standard method of feather collection and kept in the feather collection of the Ornithological Laboratory of National University of Mongolia. 
 
 
 
WHITE-BREASTED WATERHEN Amaurornis phoenicurus Pennant, 1769
 
Taxonomy. According to Josep del Hoyo et. al. 1996, the taxonomical description of the species is following;
 
Ordera: CRANES - GRUIFORMES
Family: RAILS  RALLIDAE
Genus: Waterhen  Amaurornis
Species: White-breasted Waterhen A.phoenicurus Pennant, 1769
Subspecies: Four subspecies in the World.
A.phoenicurus phoenicurus Pennant, 1769 –Pakistan, India, Maldives, Sri Lank, to e Asia, Taiwan, S through SE Asia, Philippines to Greater Sundas, Arabia, Japan (Josep del Hoyo 1996).  
A.phoenicurus insularis Sharpe, 1894-Andaman and Nicobar Island (Josep del Hoyo 1996).
A.phoenicurus midnicobaricus Abdulali, 1978 –C Nicobar Island (Josep del Hoyo 1996).
A.phoenicurus leucomelanus Muller, 1842 –Sulawesi, W Moluccas, Lesser Sundas (Josep del Hoyo 1996).
A.phoenicurus chinensis Boddaert, 1783-India, Myanmar, to S China, Indochina, Malay Peninsula, Hainan, Taiwan, S Japan (Ornithological Society of Japan (2000).
Subspecies chinensis and phoenicurus included within the nominate subspecies due to overlap the body measurement.      
 
According to body measurements of two dead birds found in the country and publications of John Mackinnon&Karen Phillipps (2000), Ornithological Society of Japan (2000), Woo Shin Lee et al. (2003) and Ripley et al. (1977), subspecies A.phoenicurus chinensis/phoenicurus Boddaert, 1783 occurs in Mongolia.
Synonym: Gallinula phoenicurus Pennant 1769, Fulica chinensis Boddaert, 1783 (Josep del Hoyo 1996).
 
 
Distribution. It breeds in India, Myanmar, to S China, Indochina, Malay Peninsula, Hainan, Taiwan, S Japan (Ornithological Society of Japan (2000).
 
Habitat. It occurs in dump scrub, lake sides, river bank, mangrove and fields (John Mackinnon&Karen Phillipps 2000). They forage on the ground, pecking at titbits in chicken-like movements. They also often forage above ground, in low bushes and small trees, but their long toes make them rather clumsy among the branches. Their slender body allows them to quickly and quietly slip through the undergrowth. In Sungei Buloh, White-breasted Waterhens can be seen stepping on lotus leaves searching for titbits. But inevitably, the leaf they are on slowly sinks. They then step off to the next leaf. White-breasted Waterhen forages alone or in pairs. They are active during the day. When alarmed, may fly or run into dense undergrowth, dashing in with their heads down. They roost in low bushes and trees at night (Morten 2000). The starvation, cold temperature and dryness can be the main limiting factors to the species during spring in Mongolia.
 
Location and Description of found place and Status in Mongolia. From 1200 to 1600 km route is not a long distance for some migratory birds heading to North from breeding ground. However, distribution of the species in South East Asia is greatly isolated from Mongolia. On 8 May, 2004, S.Gombobaatar, D.Sumiya, E.Potapov and Kh.Batsaikhan, field researchers of the Mongolian Ornithological Society found a dead bird into abandoned wooden building in the Tsaidam /46.42516O; 109.00767O/, Darkhan sum, Khentii province (Central Mongolia). The reason of the death is caused by serious injure on back attacked by Saker falcon Falco cherrug. Based on GIS3.2 software, the distance estimation from the location of found place in Central Mongolia to distribution in South East Asia was 1600 km. The place of dead bird found is located in the Mongol Daguur arid steppe. Ders grass Achnatherum splendens (Nevski) and Gramineae grasses grow in the valleys of mountain and hills and short grass steppe vegetation in mountain slopes. The salt lake is situated 10 km north of the location. Interestingly Mr. Christopher W. Leahy, a field biologist of the Gerard A Bertrand Chair of Natural History and field Ornithology, Mass Audubon Protecting the Nature of Massachusetts, found a different dead adult at the Three Camel Tourist site of Umnugobi (Southern Mongolia) on 2 th June of 2004. This dead bird was recorded 1200 km distance from northern limit of the species distribution. The comparison between habitats which is described in breeding and wintering sites by John Mackinnon&Karen Phillipps 2000 and habitat type of the found place in Mongolia showed that there was no similarity between habitats of breeding and wintering grounds and Mongolia. Therefore, unsuitable habitat and food deficiency can be the main reason of migratory White-breasted Waterhens in Mongolia. According to recent data and information of field surveys, A.phoenicurus is a migratory and very rare occurring (vagrant) species in Mongolia. The precise status of the species in the country will be described by future ornithological field research and trips.
 
Morphological characters and identification of age and sex. Age. Adult has dark slaty grey with a slight olive tinge back; dull brown lower back, rump and upper tail coverts; dark ashy grey wing coverts; dark brown tail; dark ashy head and neck; white face, face side, sides of neck forehead, breast, and upper belly; deep chestnut sides of lower back, flanks and undertail coverts; light rufous lower abdomen; dark under wing coverts. Bill is greenish with red base. Feet-yellow. Juveniles have white facial mask obscured by slaty –tipped feathers. Upperpart is a more olive-brown than slaty grey. Downy young has uniformly black, with blackish bill and legs (John Mackinnon&Karen Phillipps, 2000; Ripley et al., 1977). Length of bill, tarsus, skull, wing (max), primary and tail feathers were measured three times by Lars Svensson (1984) method in the field and laboratory of the National University of Mongolia. Comparison of plumage feature and publications (John Mackinnon&Karen Phillipps, 2000; Woo Shin Lee et al., 2003; Ripley et al., 1977) confirms that two dead birds, found in Central and South Mongolia were both adults. Sex. The body size is the most important and confident feature for sex identification of the species (Ripley et al., 1977). A male is a slightly bigger than female. We could not identify sex based on comparison of the body measurement showed in Table 1 and the sex identification table using body measurement, which is described by Ripley et al., 1977. The sex of dead birds was not successfully identified due to rotted and dried the sexual internal organs and body. Body measurement data, feather and skins of both dead individuals of White-breasted Waterhen were kept in bird collection room of the Ornithological Laboratory and Mongolian Ornithological Society.
  
 
 
Монгол орны шувуудын шинэ олдвор ба хээрийн бүс дэх нүүдлийн шувуудын ер бусын нүүдэл
 
*S.Gombobaatar, *B.Munkhzaya, *B.Gantulga, *B.Odkhuu,
**Mc Pherson Shane Cameron
*National University of Mongolia, Mongolian Ornithological Society
gomboo@num.edu.mn; monbird_mos@yahoo.com
**P.O.Box 413, Te Buke, New Zealand, shanemcpherson@gmail.com

 

Шинжлэх ухааны академийн ЭШБ. (2006) 26 (хэвлэлтэнд).

 Joint field expedition members from Mongolia, New Zealand, United Kingdom and USA surveyd biology and ecology of the steppe raptors in Darkhan, Bayanmunkh sums of Khentii aimag from 01 April to 20 August of, 2006. During field seasons, researchers collected significant data and information on migration and breeding biology of Mongolian steppe birds. In the result of the field works, Dollar bird was described as new finding for Mongolian bird list and field data of migration for more than 10 species of birds was documented. On 17 June of 2006, field members saw and took serial photos of Dollar bird in the Caragana steppe of Darkhan sum, Khentii aimag (46Î35’18.12”; 109O27’16.31”) (Fig.1).  According to our documents and E.V.Flint et al. (1984), J.Mackinnon&K.Phillipps (2000), Woo Shin Lee et al. (2000), it was adult bird. Sex was unknown due to no difference appears in body size and colaration of plumage for female and male. It lives in wheat fields, open areas of forest and river valleys and sits on dead trees. Nests in hollows of large trees and lays four to six eggs in June. Based on above mentioned publications, we consider that this species can occur and breed in mixed forest of larch, popular and willow trees in Tuul, Balj and Onon river valleys of Khentii mountain range of Mongolia. One of the reasons of migration of this bird through the Mongolian steppe was food supply of the steppe, which was super abundant of insects of ACRIDIDAE and BRADYPORIDAE families in June of 2006. Wallcreeper (Tichodroma muraria) and White-winged Redstart (Guldenstadt’s Redstart) (Phoenicurus erythrogaster) were recorded in Darkhan and Yazaar mountains of Darkhan and Bayanmunkh sums of Khentii aimag. These birds originally distribute in high mountain ranges of South and South-West and West Mongolia. On 4-5 April, two adult individuals of Wallcreeper were seen on high cliffs and rocks of top of the Darkhan mountain (46Î37’00.62”; 109O14’53.88”) and Yazaar hills (46O42’00.00”; 109O46’00.01”) during spring migration. On 08 April, we saw a total of 11 individuals of White-winged Redstart passing through  Darkhan and Yazaar mountains (46O44’04.88”; 109O45’04.32”). Chinese Pond Heron (Ardeola bacchus Bonaparte, 1855) historically registered only few times in the Buuryn gol in Russian border and Buun Tsagaan lake. On 16 May, team members found a dead bird under the high power electric line of Darkhan sum (46O28’12.72”; 109O26’34.80”). We identified that this bird was adult bird, based on comparison of photographs of the bird and field guides. We found 2 legs with synthetic red ropes of Japanese Sparrow Hawk (Accipiter gularis) as prey remains of Saker on its nest, located in Bor-Undur, Khentii aimag on 23 June 2006. Length of tarsus and colour of legs and feathers of trousers and primaries showed that it was adult Japanese Sparrow Hawk. This document showed that migration route of the species pass through central Mongolia and winter in China. Mongolian nomads and city people traditionally do not breed this species for falconry and do not use this kind of ropes on legs. There are only few publications relating to migration and wintering of the species in this region. All these documents and data show that direction and route of migration of these species were changed due to global warming, wind direction changes of spring and heavy sand storm of early spring in this area. 
 
Fig. 1. Adult birds of DOLLAR BIRD recorded in Darhan sum, Khentii province
Photo by: Mc Pherson Shane

 

 

 Монголд аялаж буй аялагч, гэрэл зурагчин, шувуу судлаач, байгалийн аялагчид нарт! 

Хэрэв та болон таны хамтрагч, найз нарт тань  Монголд аялах хугацаандаа дээр дурьдсан Монголын шувууны зүйлийн жагсаалтанд бүртгэгдээгүй шинэ зvйлийг тэмдэглэвэл бидэнд мэдээллээ явуулна уу. Монголын шувуу ажиглагч,  аялагч, шувуу судлаачидаа хамтдаа Монгол орны шувууны мэдээллийн санг хамтран байгуулахыг бид уриалж байна.

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